Adolescence is a critical period for career identity development, yet in India, familial expectations and sociocultural norms often override adolescent autonomy. This study explores the extent and impact of career choice suppression on Indian adolescents’ psychological well-being, autonomy, and identity formation. Guided by Self-Determination Theory (SDT) and Identity Development Theory, a mixed-methods explanatory sequential design was employed. Quantitative data were collected from 400 adolescents using standardized tools (CDDQ, SDS, and a culturally adapted parental pressure scale), followed by qualitative interviews with students, parents, and educators across five Indian states, including representation from the North-East. Findings reveal a significant inverse correlation between perceived parental pressure and autonomy (r = -0.62, p < 0.01). Thematic analysis showed patterns of emotional conflict, internalized compliance, and limited awareness of self-determination rights. Adolescents from North-Eastern regions reported relatively higher autonomy. The study calls for integrating career counseling, parental sensitization, and rights-based education into India’s educational framework. It highlights the need to balance cultural values with adolescents’ right to make informed career choices.